The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Learning in Vietnamese Higher Education: Current Situation and Implementation Model

Abstract

This study investigates the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in personalized learning within Vietnamese higher education in the context of digital transformation. Based on a literature review and comparative analysis, the research clarifies the current status of AI implementation in personalized learning at universities, while identifying major barriers related to technological infrastructure, learning data, digital competence, governance–legal mechanisms, and stakeholder collaboration. The findings reveal that several solutions—such as AI-integrated learning management systems, learner-support chatbots, and learning analytics tools—have been initially adopted. However, these efforts remain fragmented, lack standardization, and have yet to form a coherent approach. Accordingly, the paper proposes an AI implementation model consisting of five components: technological infrastructure, learning data, digital competence, governance–legal mechanisms, and multi-stakeholder collaboration. This model can serve as a reference framework for Vietnamese higher education institutions in developing AI adoption roadmaps to enhance the effectiveness of personalized learning and promote sustainable digital transformation in education.